1.1 alkaloids
Alkaloids, tseem hu ua tsob ntoo alkaloids, yog alkaline nitrogen - muaj cov khoom xyaw egsic Cov yam ntxwv: tsis muaj xim, tsis muaj ntxhiab, thiab feem ntau insoluble hauv dej.
1.2 flavonoids
Flavonoids tau dav hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm cov nroj tsuag, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog paj thiab nplooj. Lawv nthuav tawm ntau yam kev ua si.
1.3 polysaccharides
Polysaccharide composed ntawm ntau tshaj 10 monosaccharides, xws li polysaccharides thiab fibers.
1.4 glycosides
Cov tshuaj tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov piam thaj nrog cov tshuaj (phenols, flavonoids). Tshuaj lom neeg cov khoom: tsis muaj xim, tsis muaj ntxhiab, thiab soluble hauv dej thiab ethanol.
1.5 roj roj
Cov roj tseem ceeb yog qhov tsis muaj zog, kua roj uas muaj peev xwm tuaj yeem ua rau distilled nrog Chav. Feem ntau muaj ib tug ntxhiab.
